Rezistivity Survey and Soil Flux Measurements in an Area with Natural CO2 Emissions

In monitoring CO₂ storage sites, it is assumed that detectable variations in electrical resistivity exist in the monitoring area, as CO₂ has a significantly higher resistivity compared to the fluids in the reservoir’s pores. Geophysical methods, particularly geoelectric ones, have been successfully applied to obtain detailed images of a wide range of geological structures, including the heterogeneity of aquifer lithology, aquifer layer thickness, the presence of shale lenses, the position of the hydrostatic level, the identification of fractures and cracks, as well as the characteristics of contamination plumes with inorganic and organic compounds. In this context, vertical electrical sounding (VES) is a near-surface geophysical method, aiming to determine the resistivity distribution with depth and at the surface. Complementary to the monitoring methods for the Băile Lăzărești site (Romania), electrical resistivity measurements – electrometry – were carried out to highlight water bodies near the surface, their regional extent, local geological characteristics, and potential gas migration pathways to the surface, by outlining resistivity anomalies. The method implemented was vertical electrical sounding (VES) – Schlumberger device (MiniSting R1) on 12 profiles (6 profiles from the 12 in the high CO₂ emission area in the northern part of the Lăzărești site, and 6 profiles in the low CO₂ emission area in the southern part of the site). For each of the 6 profiles measured in the high CO₂ emission area, 6 VES measurements were made, with 9 measurements each (a total of 54 resistivity values acquired for each profile). The distance between the current electrodes (AB) was 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 meters, while the MN distance remained constant at 2 meters. Due to the physical-chemical properties of the soil (alternating shale, marl, and sandstone from the Cretaceous flysch), the maximum penetration depth was calculated at 4.20 meters. The length of the 6 profiles is 30 meters. The geoelectrical investigation revealed that the presence of shale content tends to reduce the increase in resistivity caused by the replacement of water with less conductive CO₂. The obtained results represent one important step to demonstrate the feasibility of using resistivity surveys for monitoring CO2 geological storage sites.

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